Why and How Does Spanish Use the Ã

The Spanish letter à ± is original with Spanish and has become one of its most distinctive written features. Only its inverted punctuation is more likely to be a marker that a piece of text is written in Spanish. Where Did the Ñ Come From? As you could probably guess, the à ± came originally from the letter n. The à ± did not exist in the Latin alphabet and was the result of innovations about nine centuries ago. Beginning in about the 12th century, Spanish scribes (whose job it was to copy documents by hand) used the tilde placed over letters to indicate that a letter was doubled (so that, for example, nn became à ± and aa became à £). How Is the Ñ Used Today? The popularity of the tilde for other letters eventually waned, and by the 14th century, the à ± was the only place it was used. Its origins can be seen in a word such as aà ±o (which means year), as it comes from the Latin word annus with a double n. As the phonetic nature of Spanish became solidified, the à ± came to be used for its sound, not just for words with an nn. A number of Spanish words, such as seà ±al and campaà ±a, that are English cognates use the à ± where English uses gn, such as in signal and campaign, respectively. The Spanish à ± has been copied by two other languages that are spoken by minorities in Spain. It is used in Euskara, the Basque language that is unrelated to Spanish, to represent approximately the same sound as it has in Spanish. It is also used in Galician, a language similar to Portuguese. (Portuguese uses nh to represent the same sound.) Additionally, three centuries of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines led to the adoption of many Spanish words in the national language, Tagalog (also known as Pilipino or Filipino). The à ± is among the letters that have been added to the traditional 20 letters of the language. And while the à ± isnt part of the English alphabet, it frequently is used by careful writers when using adopted words such as jalapeà ±o, pià ±a colada, or pià ±ata and in the spelling of personal and place names. The à ± is also used with several other more obscure languages are transliterated into the Roman alphabet. In Portuguese, the tilde is placed over vowels to indicate that the sound is nasalized. That use of the tilde has no apparent direct connection with the use of the tilde in Spanish. Pronouncing the Ñ Beginning Spanish students are often told that the à ± is pronounced the same as the ny in canyon, which comes from the Spanish caà ±on. Nobody will misunderstand you if you pronounce the à ± that way, but in fact that sound is only an approximation. If canià ³n were a word, it would be pronounced slightly differently than is caà ±on. When the à ± is pronounced precisely, makes firmer contact with the alveolar ridge, that ridge just behind the top of the front teeth, than it does with ny. Part of the tongue even briefly touches the front of the palate. The result is that à ± takes slightly longer to pronounce then ny is is more like a single sound than two sounds that blend together. The Rest of the Story After the original version of this article was published, this site received additional information from Robert L. Davis, associate professor of Spanish from the University of Oregon: Thanks for including the interesting page on the history of the à ±. In a few places you express uncertainty about some of the details of this history; below I offer the information you need to complete the story. The reason the tilde appears over an N (as in Latin ANNU Sp. aà ±o) and Portuguese vowels (Latin MANU Po. mà £o) is that scribes wrote a small letter N over the preceding letter in both cases, to save space in manuscripts (parchment was expensive). As the two languages developed phonetically away from Latin, the double N sound of Latin morphed into the current palatal nasal sound of the Ñ, and Portuguese N between vowels got deleted, leaving its nasal quality on the vowel. So readers and writers began to use the old spelling trick to indicate the new sounds that did not exist in Latin. (Its really nice the way you framed the Ñ as the only Spanish letter of Spanish origin!) Also of potential interest to your readers: The word tilde actually refers to both the squiggle over the Ñ as well as the accent mark used to mark phonetic stress (e.g., cafà ©). There is even the verb tildarse, which means, to be written with an accent mark, to stress, as in La palabra cafà © se tilda en la e.The unique character of the letter Ñ has led to its becoming a marker of Hispanic identity in recent years. There is now a generacià ³n Ñ, the children of Spanish-speaking parents in the U.S. (parallel to Generation X, etc.), a stylized Ñ is the logo of the Cervantes Institute (http://www.cervantes.es), and so forth.The squiggle under the à § in Portuguese and French has a similar origin as the à ±. It is called a cedille, meaning little Z. It comes from the diminutive of the Old Spanish name for the letter Z, ceda. It was used to represent the ts sound in Old Spanish, which no longer exists in the language. E.g., O.Sp. caà §a (katsa) Mod. Sp. caza (casa or catha).Restaurants in the U.S. now offer dishes made with a very spicy pepper, the habanero, which is frequently mispronounced and misspelled as habaà ±ero. Since the name comes from La Habana, the capital of Cuba, this pepper should not have Ñ. I think the name has been contaminated by jalapeà ±o, which of course is simply a pepper from Jalapa, Mexico. Key Takeaways The à ± came about in the 12th century as a variation of copying a double-n from Latin words.The à ± is a separate letter of the Spanish alphabet, not merely an n with a mark over it.In precise pronunciation of Spanish, the à ± is similar to but different than the ny of canyon.

Finance and Accounting Example

Essays on Finance and Accounting Assignment ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE Program of Faculty Advisor Project Timeline Q1) Ratio analysis-Is just but an estimation of the financial status of a business hence don’t give the right answers but lead to right questions. Thus, in quick asset ratio the value of the closing stock is not included hence may lead to a decline while in the current ratio the value of the stock is included. Q2) Planning for a new business is harder. This is because the strategic manager in charge will have to incur costs of building new premises, strategically placing itself in the market, stating new operations that customers may even reject. That is Greenfield investment where the unstructured decision are based on the judgment / instructions on the existing business is easier because there are already procedures to follow in planning as before. Q3) Similarities between preferred stock, bonds and common stock. Preferred stock and common stock both earn dividend as a return on capital invested. The return on investment (dividend) are only paid when the business makes profit They are both units of capital in the business. Preferred stock and bonds both earn fixed rate of return annually. Difference between preferred stock, bond and common stock. Preferred stock and common stock have the first claim/ preferential claim on the assets of the company incase of winding up unlike to bonds. Preferred stock is cumulative in nature unlike to common stock. Preferred stock holders do not have the voting rights while common stock holder have the right to vote in company. Preferred dividends can only be paid if the business makes profit whereas bonds earn their interest whether the business makes profit or losses. Q4) Importance of bond rating It will increase the liquidity of the bond. Q5) Avenues available to shareholders Incur agency cost-This refers to cost of resolving the conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. They are borne by the shareholders to either minimize or eliminate conflict of interest by management for example, monitoring cost which include costs incurred in monitoring managers performance closely e.g. audit fees, investigation fees and etc. Performance based compensation through stock options and cash bonuses to managers. Threat of hostile takeover where the managers who have mismanaged the company loose there jobs. Q6) Tax payable $300,000 First $. 50,000Ãâ€"15%=7,500 2nd $. 25000Ãâ€"25%=6250 3rd $. 25000Ãâ€"34%=8500 22250 Excess $200,000Ãâ€"39%=78000 Total tax payable =$100250 Q9) Growth problem gs = RetentionÃâ€" Return on salesÃâ€" Total asset turnoverÃâ€" Equity multiplier =90%Ãâ€"40%Ãâ€"1.9Ãâ€"3.0 = 2.052 Negatives associated with the following problems The multiplier effect will change and the true value of total asset turnover will be affected. Q10) Balance sheet for next year Total asset =$2000 C.L =$200 Long term debt =$100 Equity =$1700 Total Equity and Liability= $2000 Income statement Revenue = $5000 Operating expenses =($4000) EBIT =$1000 Interest (8%) =$8 EBT =$992 Tax (40%) =($396.80) EAT =$595.20 Q7) ACP lowered to 10 days next year Receivables=$15M Credit sales=120M Growth credit sales=20% New sale level=120MÃâ€"120%=144M 24M Ãâ€"10 = 666,666.667 360 Therefore new level of receivables=15M-0.667M=$14.333 Q8) E(Rp)=80,000 Ãâ€" (0.09Ãâ€"0.8+5+0.06)+(120,000Ãâ€"0.09Ãâ€"1.4+5+0.07) =5.16% 200,000 200,000 Citation Shim, J. K., Siegel, J. G. (2000). Financial management (2nd ed.). Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barrons.

Essay on Market Efficiency - 2044 Words

Market Efficiency In simple Microeconomics Market efficiency is the unbiased estimate of the actual value of the investment. The stock price can be greater than or less than true value till the time these deviations are arbitrary. Market efficiency also states that even though investor has got any kind of precise inside information will be unable to beat the market. Fama (1988) has defined three levels of market efficiency: 1. Weak-form efficiency Asset prices instantly and completely reflect all information of the previous prices. This means future price variations can’t be foreseen by using preceding prices. 2. Semi-strong efficiency Asset prices entirely reflect all of the publicly available data. Therefore, only investors with†¦show more content†¦Campbell (2000) concludes that despite difficulties, the proof for predictability has rational significant level of statistics. Most financial economists have accepted that aggregate returns do contain an important predictable element. 1. Dividend Yield Dividend price ratio of a stock is dividend received during a period divided by the price of the stock at the end of the period. Dividend yield is mathematically calculated by dividing the dividends received during the period by the price of the stock at the beginning of the period. Dividends yield is the measure of cash flow for each pound invested in an equity position. Supposedly, there are two companies C1 and C2. Both pay annual dividend of  £1. Stock of C1 and C2 is traded at  £10 and  £20 respectively. Then C1 has 10% dividend yield whereas C2 has only 5% dividend yield. The investor will surely prefer investing in C1 rather than C2. According to Fama (1988)’s certainty model dividend per share for a period grows at a constant rate and market interest rate which links future dividends to stock price is also constant. D(t)/ P(t-1) = r-g But, according to Goyal (2003) it has been observed that over the period dividend price ratio have become non-stationary. 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CanGo Free Essays

After evaluating CanGo for the last 4 weeks, we feel there are some issues that stand out that should be considered before moving forward with this new on-line gaming venture. The following are what we consider the issues that CanGo needs to be aware of and recommendations to address each. The angle that the marketing department is taking needs to be fully evaluated. We will write a custom essay sample on CanGo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The type(s) of customer CanGo will be taking on should be fully understood. The customer service department should be highly considered. The current inventory management system needs to be rethought. The phone system that is presently in place needs to be updated. The proposed second ASRS system many not be necessary at this point. CanGo’s gaming customer base is the X and the Y Generation also known at the Millennial Generation. These two segments of the buying population â€Å"will outnumber Baby Boomers in 2010† ( (Henderson, 2006). They are also referred to at the NextGen, GenY and Echo Boomers. The generation born 1961 to 1981 (several different opinions on the actual date range) is called Generation X (Gen X) and is considered the X Generation are the most over indulged generation so far. They were doted on by their parents due to having extra money in the late 80’s and early 90’s. Along with the divorced parents that double incomes, remarried and sub placing the divorce guilt. Generation Y (Gen Y) dates from 1982 to 2003, again no definitive dates have been set, but widely believed. They are the premier generation to fully grow up with all cell phones and computers in use over land lines and no home computers. They are â€Å"experiential and exploratory learners†¦(and) strongly prefer learning by doing† (Sweeney, 2006). According to Sweeney, â€Å"they almost never read the directions; love to learn†¦multiplayer gaming, computer simulations, and social networks (that) provide little penalty for trial and error learning†. As little as four years ago, this generation was being noted for its extensive use of gaming and how it has had â€Å"a very significant impact upon their expectations for learning†¦(because it) offers thrills, competition, engagement and a rich array of emotional stimuli that also enhance learning†, by having already spent thousands of hours playing electronic, computer and video games. (Sweeney, 2006). CanGo’s marketing team will need to educate the executive team all the way through management and each mployee, so they will better understand their customer base and how important it is to have the proper procedures in place to accommodate their needs. This generation will tell you if you are getting it wrong and they will take their business somewhere else. One of the best ways for any company to achieve success is through considering their customer’s needs and making improvements on service quality. There are several ways that this can be accomplished. A company can best serve its customers by understanding the type of issues the customers have before they have them. By obtaining some baseline data and implementing changes with that information, they will decrease the number of calls and returns. When they are provided with a complaint from a customer, they should retain that information so that they can decrease the number of issues even further. They should also look at ways to bridge the gap between happy, loyal customers and angry, transient customers such as with surveys. The first is through customer satisfaction surveys which helps get to the heart of critical relationships in ways that help companies move their business forward. The satisfaction, loyalty, and reference-ability of their customers directly affect growth and profitability. The next is a customer service survey which can provide management with valuable input on both short-term and long-term decision-making, offering critical operational and strategic advantages over the competition. These are flexible enough that they can be conducted online, by phone, or through regular mail. The last is a customer loss review survey that would help to identify the root causes of defections so that direct action can be taken to minimize the loss of customers in the future. Keeping new customers will be a top priority for CanGo. This will require that the current staff be retrained and any employee that will not comply with the new process will be replaced. Their skills on the phone will leave a lasting impression on the customer as to how responsive CanGo is to their perceived issues. In order for the CanGo to get their products to the right place on time, with the right quantity and highest quality, it is imperative that we choose the best possible way to approach inventory management. Since CanGo does have several centers to work out of, it is essential to identify where the supply or products are to be physically located. It should be determined which has the most benefit: storing inventory close to the supplier, the customer, or in house. This could mean that the inventory will be spread out at various CanGo distribution centers and vendor sites. In order to track this inventory we recommend incorporating a PAR method for easy and quick tracking on all supply transactions at POS (Point of Sale) and POU (Point of Use) locations. This will allow us to keep track of all of the products on a more realistic time basis, thus insuring we have the right product ready to order from a third party vendor or available in stock at one of CanGo’s distribution centers to fulfill the customer order. Another aspect is insuring inventory integrity through the use Data Collection technology. To support the proposed shop floor inventory control system or ASRS (Automatic Storage and Retrieval) solution, we need to be able to integrate how the technicians, customer service representatives, and internal and external account managers do business. This means that the inventory management solution must incorporate and interface with a materials management system, a billing system, an ADT (Admission, Discharge, Transfer) system, as well as a cost accounting system. Getting the product to customers when and where they want it is critical to marketing success. This is why we need to include in our cost effective solution a way to monitor and keep track of all supply transactions. To do this we will maintain a library of transaction records that will give us the ability to better predict our customers buying behaviors. If we can do this, we can insure the most desired products are available and ready to ship in a more expeditious manner. Customer Service issues at CanGo: Our Team feels that one of the major areas to consider in this expansion to on line gaming is expanding and updating customer service systems, processes, and service personnel. We feel that CanGo can not overlook putting in to motion action plans early to handle the expected 400% increase in business they are forecasting. The entire phone system needs to be updated to add more trunks and roll over lines to be able to handle the increase in call volume. It is important that when a customer does take the time to call in with an issue, that they do not get a busy signal or be placed on hold too long. This will just cause them to become more irritated. A new Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system should be purchased and installed at least six months before the expected call volume increase. A VoIP system is secure, takes almost no space since it is stored in a current sever rack, and will only require one or two employees to maintain and update it. Another advantage is that this type of system allows for unlimited users, mailboxes, voicemail, and auto-attendant. There will be extra room for expansion since the current large phone cabinets will be removed and sold which could help fund the new VoIP purchase. The entire phone tree/auto-attendant needs to be reprogrammed with updated company and customer service level choices along with a choice in language option. The first choice in product help should be updated to online gaming. This is the new product of the company and will be free advertising. The new call volume will be linked to the online gaming and those customers need to have that as a first choice. The gaming demographic, Gen Y, is known to be impatient and having their choice second could be perceived as not showing respect for their business. Also, listing it first is free advertising to customers that do not know that CanGo has started an online gaming (gaming) division. While most book readers are not the gaming target market, they will most likely know someone that is and word of mouth is the best advertising. All subsequent levels would be updated to match the switch between gaming and books on the call tree. The choices for each would be similar: 1. New Account 2. New Games/Books available 3. Returns/Issues 4. Technical Help a. Gaming b. Online Return Material Authorization (RMA)/Returns page The last choice on the tree would be for vendors and courier assistance. The current RMA system is not working. The customer needs to be able to request RMA number and materials on the website. Currently, the website does not allow this action, nor does it list the current process which is to call the service center to obtain the number materials. This must be automated and the return labels will need to be printable by the customer. The current process of sending shipping labels via the courier is time consuming, not efficient, and is not environmentally friendly. This will allow for less paper and trucks out on the road to deliver the labels; (maybe two attempts) and a third to pick up the package. The Green aspect would also be pointed out on the website to explain to those that may want labels shipped to them. This is also a good promotion point for the company. With the new ASRS system that has been proposed, a second ASRS will be added in the plan. Getting some more information on the necessity of this second system is crucial to making a proper decision about its importance. If the first was implemented and the second held till the volume increased, the chance of failure would decrease. It would also allow time to work out bugs with the setup, making it easier for subsequent systems to be implemented. Integration of software would be easier since only one system would be worked on at a time. Furthermore, this would allow time for everyone to have a better understanding of how to use the system and what information to look for. With these recommendations, we feel that CanGo has a very good chance of not only making a smooth transition to the gaming world, but also become a better, more responsive company overall. How to cite CanGo, Essay examples Cango Free Essays In the introduction video, Liz outlines the mission as being an â€Å"online entertainments company that sales primary music and books with the intention of branching out to online gaming and e books†. LIZ does a good Job by defining the mission at its most basic level and making it clear. Transformational Leadership â€Å"is the ability to get people to want to change, Improve. We will write a custom essay sample on Cango or any similar topic only for you Order Now And to be led. (Morehouse, 2001 r’ Liz uses Transformational Leadership as a great strength when trying to convey her ideas of online gaming to her directing management team. She was able to motivate them to commit to her vision, and encourage innovation/creativity through challenging the normal beliefs of the group. Liz weakness Is her Inability to effectively communicate with the production staff members. She chose the time to tell them about an important new initiative of online gaming while walking to a meeting. This meeting should have been an opportunity to introduce her new idea, open the floor to her associates for their input, needs and values on this project. Instead she made them question the timeline of the project and feel disenfranchised. Motivation plans a valuable role in any organization. It is a trait that should be Instilled In every member of Congo despite their designation or responsibilities. Warren shows strength with his ability to outline the talent and possibility of growth room within his department with the new online gaming Imitative. He looking for ways to increase his team motivation by developing internal talent, empowering his team to do what is best for the organization while Increasing revenue and market growth for the organization. Warren also does a great job with team motivation with his team by assigning roles, seeking their opinion through reporting and allowing their contribution to play a role in the decision making process. Warren should try using Job rotation. Job rotation Is the â€Å"practice as the periodic shifting of an employee room one task to another. â€Å"(Robbins, PIG. 73) Warren’s team seemed to fall into the same roles within their group. By practicing rotation, this will allow them to do other lobs and challenge themselves with new responsibilities. I recommend Congo try to understand individual’s strengths and weakness and how these strengths and weakness affect the person within a team. All while building the teams self esteem. Human Resource within the Congo organization can have a remarkable impact across all other functions, If is positions itself as a leader and partner In the business. Maria head of HER as aligned herself as a key player within the senior management team. She has done a great Job outlining the staffing needs and policy 1 OFF developing and a defined performance appraisal. She may have isolated Nick by blowing off his ideas in the group and team vignette. Maria must recognize Nicks radical behavior/characteristics and be skilful enough to allow him to be himself as long as he has a positive contribution to the team. In another situation she suggests him as a candidate for a promotion. At last, the appraisal. Warren should have had he tools to Judge, weather Nick had the skills and qualities to do his Job effectively. Instead, Nick left the meeting feeling like he has done a great Job with his performance. In reality, Nick has a lot of work to do as to his contribution to Congo I recommend Congo provide a clear developing plan that â€Å"clearly communicate the organization’s goals and future strategies along with time for employees to learn a new position, and establish a formal performance . â€Å"(Robbins, PIG. 253) Organization structure is â€Å"how Job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. â€Å"(Robbins, PIG. 11) Liz uses the Initiating Structure, â€Å"refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of subordinates in the search for goal attainment. (Robbins, PIG. 158) Congo does a great Job outlining their department. They use differentiations by grouping people by functions performed. The strengths in departmental is having the expertise in within your department. Everyone on the team seems to have similar ideas and thoughts. Maybe, Congo can implement a team structure. This will allow a representat ive from all five departments to share ideas and â€Å"decentralized decision aging to the level of the work team. â€Å"(Robbins, PIG. 220) The current environment is a relaxed structure. Liz wants to implement a formal culture with the upcoming Initial Public Offering. The strength of the current culture has been great moral and enthusiasms. This has lead to growth and expansion for Congo. As Congo embark on a new formal culture. This Culture change can bring turnover in leadership. I recommend Liz to take into consideration of the demographic of her team when applying culture change. â€Å"Culture change is more likely to take if the organization is both young and small. â€Å"(Robbins, PIG. 239) How to cite Cango, Papers

Beatles Memorabilia Intellectual Property/Contract

Question: Discuss about theBeatles Memorabilia Intellectual Property/Contract. Answer: Intellectual Property Intellectual property refers to innovation that is brought about by intelligence and creativity of the inventor. They include things such as designs or manuscript that an individual can have right over and can apply for a trademark, copyright, patent, industrial design rights and trade secrets in certain jurisdictions(Rimmer, 2008). The intellectual property concept was actually established by the British statute of Ann (1710) and the statute of monopolies (1624) appears to be origins of patent law and copyright correspondingly. There is an automatic protection of copyright if an authorship original work is fixed in a concrete medium of communication. Fixed means a work is "adequately enduring or steady to allow it to be perceived, duplicated, or else communicated for a time that is more than transitory period. In the case of Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithograph 1903, Justice Holmes stated, the policy judgment that encourages the production of wheat also requires the protection of a lot of chaff while warning against the use of aesthetic criteria(Mark Davison, 2015). Nevertheless, it should be noted that copyright protects duplication of expression of the work itself and not the idea behind it. Since Paul is the owner and manager of Fab Four, he is the original owner of the copyright. Use of the Fab Four video to promote trivia night was an infringement of the copyright since there was no permission from Paul who was the original owner of the video in question. Under federal law, this infringement is considered a crime as copyright itself is a federal law(Jill McKeough, 2004). Paul could have a valid claim if can show that there was access to his work and the video is significantly similar to his. In court, an ordinary observer test is used to decide whether the work in question is similar. In this case, it is clear that Don has infringed the copyright. Don used Pauls work without permission, altered and used it in social media to market his fame and popularity. Don is in violation of production rights because of (the distribution right) distributing the altered video in social network and (the right to create derivative work), the mixed video is derivative of the original Fab Four video. There are six exclusive rights to the copyright owner over the copyrighted work. They are namely: Reproduction right- this gives the owner right to duplicate, copy, transcribe or imitate work in fixed form. Modification right- also derivative works right, is the right to twist the work and come up with a new work. This new work is known as derivative work. Public performance right- this is the right to act, show or transmit to public. Sound recordings do not enjoy this right. Distribution right- it is public distribution of copies through sale or lending Right to distribute copies or phonorecords- copyrighted to the public by any transfer methods. Public display right- transmitting or display to the public in the form of video or televising. In reference to the above copyright owner rights it clear that Don has infringed several of the rights. The derivative works right was infringed by mixing the original video with cats video. He showed the video to the public through social media as his own, which was an infringement of public performance rights. Contract A disclaimer or exoneration of liability is a contractual phrase intended to avoid an individual who engaged the contract from taking legal action and litigating for personal damages. When items are left in cloakroom service free, the one receiving goods must not be negligent and there are no contractual rights according to Griffin's words. She stated that if someone leaves a jacket or a coat on the rack of a crowded restaurant, realistically he/she does so at his/her own risk(Ewan McKendrick, 2015). If the place or restaurant was hired by an organization that the victim works with, then that person can claim for loss or damage to that organization since they are the ones who paid for that place and are therefore in an existing contract with the services offered in that venue. A consumer law specialist Margaret Griffins stated that, When you pay for a service, like a cloakroom service, under consumer law, you enter into a contract with the provider, which means theyre required to take reasonable care of your goods and perform the service with reasonable care and skill. In this case, a person who leaves his belongings can expect them to be properly and safely looked after and cannot be given to someone else with the wrong ticket(John W. Carter, 2007). Though in reality, it is always difficult to determine and prove how the lost item was like, according to Griffins one might have a case for compensation if given the wrong coat or the coat is lost. In some places, disclaimers are put to waive responsibility for lost items. While these disclaimers might once have some legal basis, Silverman Sherliker a senior partner with a law firm stated that, it can be deemed an unfair term to say you accept no liability, under Unfair Contract Terms 1980 legislation. Bob handed over his coat to Ringo, who works in the cloakroom and was issued with a ticket that has a disclaimer in the back. The disclaimer states, We do not take any responsibility or liability for clothing checked in to our cloakroom. The owners of Beatles Memorabilia are not liable for the loss of Bobs coat that he claims to be paid. In the first place, this a free service offered to the customer of and Bob did not pay for it. There is therefore no contract between Beatles Memorabilia and Bob. He will not receive any compensation for his coat. Contract Interchanging goods and services between human have been a continued basic activity between human beings. The essentiality of trade and shopping rely on fundamental dealings and people settled on the basic values in their transactions, which were mostly relied on promises among people. On the other hand, in the modern age, levels of trade have grown, for that reason firms and merchants required obligatory and binding authorities to ensure their dealings. Even in a tiny business people act in accordance with those kinds of authorities and their set procedures. Offers and invitation to treat are the most important examples of dealings, and they have specific procedures to secure transactions among people. A person who makes an offer to another person with an intention to enter into a contract is referred to as offeror. A binding contract comes into existence when the offeree accepts the offer(Eugene Clark, 201). On the other hand, an invitation to treat has a different definition. It m eans inviting a person to make an offer. When a seller displays the price of an item either as a price tag or on a price list board for customers to see it is termed as an invitation to treat. For there to exist a contract, the offer must be accepted and both parties should agree to the terms and conditions of the contract. Silence can never be considered as acceptance of the offer. The T-shirts cannot be sold to Barbara at $13.00 each. A price tag cannot be a contract if the price displayed by the seller is mistake. This is only considered as inviting a customer to make an offer and the seller does not necessarily need to accept the offer. A contract can only be formed when the seller accepts payment made by a buyer(Contrac, 2011). After this payment is made and accepted the seller is no longer obliged to make the buyer to pay any balance between the advertised price and the real price. For an online transaction, it might be more complicated. Andrew Barrows described an invitation to treat as "...an expression of willingness to negotiate. A person making an invitation to treat does not intend to be bound as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom the statement is addressed." Real offers can be accepted in formation of a contract while an invitation to treat is a representation that might not be accepted. A contract is deemed to be legally binding if a voluntary agreement is formed when an offerer makes an offer and the offeree accepts it. However, even if invitation to treat cant be accepted it should not be ignored since it can have some effects on the offer(S. A. Christensen, 2009). In case a person makes an offer while responding to an invitation to treat the offer may assume the provisions of an invitation to treat unless the person making an offer generates different terms. The t-shirts sold in the store are only unique to the store and there the store can set its price, as it considers profitable since no competitor has the kind of product. Ringo was directed to sell the t-shirts at price of $30.00, which were originally $45.00 each. Barbara believed that the price of the t-shirts was $13.00 as indicated white board. However, this price came as a result of misunderstanding between the manager and Ringo. Therefore when Barbara goes ahead to pay for five t-shirts $13.00 each it is obvious that her offer will be turned down. Either the seller can offer to sell the t-shirts at the original price of $45.00 or the discounted price of $30 since Barbara was not aware of any price before other than then one on the white board. Contract There are three basic features required for existence of a legally enforceable contract. There must be a contractual issue and acceptance of an offer. This implies that both parties entering into a contract agree to its terms and conditions, Both parties must show an intent to form a legally binding contract and Contract must be in support of consideration (an exchange of value). Already Joe owes the store a bill worth $180.00. When he offers the box of figurines to pay for his bill, it was accepted even without knowing what is inside. Regardless of what could be in the box after checking it Joe was not to be asked for any further payment. Yes. There existed a valid contract with Joe. A valid contract exists when an offer is made and accepted(Gillies, 2004). Since the offer that Joe made was accepted and his box of figurines accepted a deal was sealed hence a valid contract. All the basic features of a legal binding contract were honored in sealing this deal. Once an offer has been rejected, it ceases to exist. Rita made a counter offer by rejecting the earlier price quoted by the offerror and proposed a new price of $4500.00. It therefore means that there is no contract formed between the two. Counter offer refers to contract made to respond to another offer. Making counter offer means that there is an automatic rejection of the asking offer, which under terms of counter offer requires acceptance, or otherwise there is no contract existing. This implies that the original offer has been rejected and the game is tossed back to the offerror leaving him with only three choices. (1) To expressly accept the offer by replying or through implication (i.e. by not replying), (2) give another counter offer in response to the one the offeree made, or (3) expressly reject the offer. Note that no binding contract is creatable unless one party accepts the offer by another party. If there is a change of mind by offeree and tries to agree with the terms of the original offer a new offer will be formed in contractual terms. If Rita replied, by stating that she agreed to the asking price there was no contract and this cant restore the original offer. This became a new offer, which is not been accepted to. Usually when both sides makes offer and counter offer it brings confusion among them because they may not understand when the acceptance or rejection is made. An offer or counter offer can be revoked any time by one party before acceptance is made, according to the general rule(Australia, 2014). There can be no legal binding until an offer or counter offer is accepted and this is where complication lies in most cases. The law says there has been meeting of the minds when acceptance occurs and is communicated to the offeror. In Ritas case, she was offered the figurines at a price $5000. She rejected this offer by making a counter offer to buy the items at a price of $4500. Up to this stage, there is no legal binding contract as the buyer and the seller have different minds on the price of figurines. In the following morning, it is communicated to Rita that she can have the figurines at $4500 although she does not read the message up to 9.45am. The point is that acceptance of the counter offer that Rita made in response to the asking price has been communicated. After this communication, there is a legal binding since there exist consensus of minds(Contrac, 2011). A contract becomes binding when acceptance has been communicated to the offeror. About the same time (9.00 am) that acceptance message was sent to Rita, she also sent a message to revoke her counter offer and accept the prior offer of $5000 which the seller had revoked by accepting to the counter offer. This message is received at 9.30 am and seen at 10.00am. According to the electronic records the $4500 deal was fully communicated and was earlier acceptable to both parties. Ritas acceptance of $5000 was made at the same time with acceptance of $4500 but was seen later. At the same time, she had asked for cancellation of her counter offer, which could not be made before acceptance since the communication was late. My opinion is, Rita has made a new offer of $5000 that has been communicated to the seller but has not been accepted yet. There is no legal binding contract on the transaction. So the figurines have not been sold to Rita because there is no agreed price among the two. The $4500 that could have been binding was canceled by the new Ritas offer of agreeing to the original price, which the seller himself had changed mind on. References Australia, L. S. o. W., 2014. Remedies for Breach of Contract: Papers Presented at a Series of Seminars on Remedies for Breach of Contract, Held on the 18, 20 and 26 March 1986 at the Kings Ambassador Hotel, Perth. Perth: Law Society of Western Australia. Caenegem, W. v., 2010. Intellectual Property Law in Australia. illustrated ed. Darwin : Kluwer Law International. Carter, J. W., 2011. Cases and Materials on Contract Law in Australia. 6, revise ed. Canberra: LexisNexis Butterworths. Centre, E. R., 2010. Breach of Contract: Privatisation and the Management of Australian Local Government. Adelaide: Pluto Press. Contrac, C. B. o., 2011. Carter's Breach of Contrac. Perth: LexisNexis Butterworths. David E. Allan, M. E. H., 2007. Law of contract in Australia. Macquarie: CCH Australia. David E. Allan, M. E. H., 2007. Law of contract in Australia. Sydney: CCH Australia. Eugene Clark, L. G. G. C. A. H., 201. Contract Law in Australia. s.l.:Kluwer Law International. Ewan McKendrick, Q. L., 2015. Contract Law: Australian Edition. Tasmania: Palgrave Macmillan, . Gillies, P., 2004. Business Law. revised ed. Leichhardt: Federation Press. Jeannie Marie Paterson, A. R. A. D., 2012. Principles of Contract Law. 4 ed. Perth: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Jill McKeough, A. J. S. P. B. C. G., 2004. Intellectual Property in Australia. 3 ed. Dayton: LexisNexis Butterworths. John W. Carter, E. P. G. T., 2007. Contract Law in Australia. 5, revised ed. Perth: LexisNexis Butterworths. Kathy Bowrey, M. H. D. N. K. W., 2015. Australian Intellectual Property: Commentary, Law and Practice. 2, illustrated ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. M P Furmston, G. C. C. C. H. S. F., 2012. Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxfrord: OUP Oxford. Mark Davison, A. M. L. W., 2015. Australian Intellectual Property Law. revised ed. Horbat: Horbat University Press. National, A., 2004. Australian National Bibliography. Brisbane: National Library Australia. Rimmer, M., 2008. Intellectual Property and Biotechnology: Biological Invention. reprint ed. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. A. Christensen, W. D. D., 2009. Sale of Businesses in Australia. revised ed. Leichhardt: Federation Press. Webster, E., 2004. SMEs and Their Use of Intellectual Property Rights in Australia. Tasmania: IPRIA.

The Connections Between Reading and Writing

Introduction Reading and writing are the abilities of a child to acquire knowledge through an extensive process of learning that normally goes on during the entire life and is done unconsciously. However, significant percent of children do not acquire these abilities in spite of going through the same learning processes as their peers and having a normal intellectual capacity in all other aspects (Chamot, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections Between Reading and Writing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategies and Activities Question generating is the strategy that encourages children to ask and answer questions after reading. The questions act as reference points that were not understood. In addition, the teacher should be evaluating teaching skills according to what they have learnt. Inference is another method that involves teaching children to make their own conclusions after reading. This enables them to understand and think critically. This gives them invaluable insight regarding effective reading and writing skills. Another way to learn children to read and write well is to read to them because pupils should be able to recognize written words accurately and fluently. This is done when the teacher uses a strategy of reading, so they can understand pronunciations. Taking notes is another strategy for learning reading and writing. Taking notes helps children to remember sections of the readings. Thus, they develop a better understanding of a subject. The notes also help the teacher to monitor their reading and writing progress, which is a reflection of effective teaching skills. Another method is rereading. By reading once, the text may not be understood well, thus children should reread it until they understand everything quite well. Sustained silent reading helps to increase reading speed, thus students should be trained on silent reading. This will improve underst anding of text including long sentences. Other children, as a form of compensatory strategy, manage to deduce the content of a sentence based on the rest words which the text contains even when individual words are read (Reid, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uninterrupted Reading is an integral part of reading and writing strategy that improves a child’s reading ability and should be personal tailored to each child’s developmental needs and provided regularly. The teacher should be engaged in creating a reading-friendly environment for pupils to be able read without interruptions. Language Experience is an important condition of successful learning. Teacher should teach in a language he/she understands well. This will enable them to build on a three step process of understanding how child learns, discovering the child’s lingual weaknesses by careful observa tion, and utilizing the language to patch up communication difficulties. Responsive Writing is crucial for the teaching process to be successful because the rapport between teacher and learner is very important. People have various learning needs that are affected by factors that facilitate and inhibit learning such as motivation, readiness, involvement, feedback, repetition, as well as timing, environment, emotions, physiologic events and cultural barriers In creating a visual aim for some particular group of learners, it is very important to take into account the development of cognitive learning. Written Conversation technique is very important. The ability to process information when text read is used as such, there is the need to explore the cognitive learning. Children should be encouraged to retell what they have read to others and the teacher should correct the mistake. Pupils should use line markers to underline the most important information of the text they read. The teac her should check the underlined parts to see whether they are important.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections Between Reading and Writing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The next condition is the fact that children should be able to preview the text they are to read. Conclusion This will help teachers in perceiving students as information processors enabling them to develop more effective and innovative teaching ideas. This will help the children to acquire and develop learning language (Reichl, 2009). References Chamot, A. U. (2001). Scott Foresman ESL.: Accelerating English language learning, Volume 1. New York: Pearson Education, Limited. Reichl, S. (2009). Cognitive Principles, Critical Practice: Reading Literature at University. GÃ ¶ttingen: VR Unipress GmbH. Reid, J. M. (2000). The Learning Style Preferences of ESL Students. Tesol Quarterly , 21 (2), 87-110. This essay on The Connections Between Reading and Writing was written and submitted by user Santiago Gibson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using A Sample Essay In Writing An Essay

Using A Sample Essay In Writing An EssaySample essays should be at least thirty pages, but you can get a lot more. You will also need to have a separate version of the sample essay for each type of essay, the general one being good to start with. It is always best to start by getting one that is short, but with all the information in it. This will make it easier to get across and memorize what the subject matter is.Sample essays can be done from the most common topics to try to accomplish, such as your favorite food or movie, or a piece about the weather. Writing essays about sports can be a good idea. Also, writing about your own experiences can be good, too. There are a number of sample essay topics that you can choose from. They might even include some of the content in a recent news piece.However, you do not want to just grab a good sample essay from the first page. Your students need to see that you did all the work in the research and preparation. They also need to feel like yo u can actually write about what they are interested in. They need to know that you are serious about what you are teaching. So, even if you are getting a free sample, you will probably have to do a little work and you will have to actually write the essay.One good reason to use a sample essay is that it gives you a good way to make some preliminary changes to the essay before it is written. The student might have a particular idea in mind, but you can create an alternative or even a different direction that fits their interests better. Then, when you have them write their essay, you can take a look at the changes and tweak it so that it fits their essay.Also, the student's interest in the topic you choose may be based on past experience with the topic. For example, if you choose food as a subject, your student will have experience with eating in restaurants. That's great, because then you can add to the essay by discussing what kind of food they like. You can go from barbeque to gri lled cheese, and the essay can be much better for that.Once you get a sample essay you can use in the essay writing, make sure that it is well organized. The first few sentences of the essay should be on topic, and all the rest should lead up to that. It should not be unfocused, since it will not last, especially when you are working on it over again. When you use a sample, you have a good idea about what kind of essay you will need to write and you can actually get started immediately.You also need to remember that a sample essay can only get you started. It cannot take the place of the original essay, which is the one you have to write. So, make sure that the information contained in the sample is consistent with the original essay. That way, you will avoid putting all the information in the first few sentences, and you will get the results you want.